Battle of Wagram, 1809
Two days of competitive homicide.
The noise was deafening, all encompassing,
as if the world was indeed ending.

1. Introduction: The War of 5th Coalition.
- - War ! >
- - Bridges Over Danube >
- - On Lobau Island >
- - Austrians Defeat Napoleon at Aspern-Essling >
- - Napoleon Crosses Danube Again >
2. Armies at Wagram.
- - Austrian Order of Battle >
- - French Order of Battle >
3. Battle Plans and Deployment of Troops + (Map)
4. The Battle.
- - Right Flank: Davout vs Rosenberg >
- - Center: Bernadotte's Saxons vs Bellegarde >
- - Left Flank: Massena's Advance >
- - The Austrians Took, Lost and Retook Aderklaa >
- - Austrian Offensive >
- - French Heavy Artillery on Lobau Island >
- - Massena Marched Toward the Austrian Breakthrough >
- - Charge of French Cuirassiers >
- - French Guard Artillery >
- - Seeing Davout's Progress, Napoleon Announced
- - "The Battle is Won." >
- - Along the Russbach Stream >
- - MacDonald's Multi-battalion Column
- - Dented The Austrian Line But Could Not Break It. >
- - Napoleon Decided to Commit His Reserves >
- - Austrian Withdrawal >
5. Peace and Assassination Attempt on Napoleon.
6. Sources and Links.

Battle of Wagram, by Bellange.
Conspicious on his white charger, Napoleon had ridden
through Austrian fire to be present when the massive column
(three divisions formed into one monstrous formation!)
moved out towards Sussenbrunn, flags flying,
drums beating the charge and the men cheering.
The Austrians opened up with everything they had.
Soon 15 French guns were disabled and within an hour
the column was reduced to little more than half-strength.
Macdonald continued forward and dented the Austrian line
but could not break it. - Rothenburg

Napoleon sent courier to Davout to hurry him along.
Davout reacted with his favorite tactics by once more
seeking to outflank his opponent.
The Austrians had no choice but to order a retreat.
At 8 PM Archduke Charles ordered a withdrawal.
The horizon was red and flickering with the fires
of burning villages.

.
The shocking French defeat against the Spanish troops at Bailen
gave hope to Napoleon's enemies. Army reforms gave Austria
confidence in being able to tackle the French.

Introduction.
War of Fifth Coalition.

Events of 1809: in Northern America the Territory of Illinois organizes (incl. present-day Wisconsin), the first U.S. steamboat to a make an ocean voyage, severe earthquakes strikes the Azores, famous Austrian composer Joseph Haydn dies, and Napoleon Bonaparte divorces Empress Josephine.

Franz II, Heiliger Römischer Kaiser. Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor. In 1809 Napoleon confronted his implacable continental foe, the Austrian Empire. The court in Vienna was a nest of hawks these days. The overthrow of the Spanish Bourbons had hit Austria almost with the force of the news of Louis XVI's execution in 1793. Austria also wanted to recover her standings in Europe and lost holdings in Germany and Italy. The shocking French defeat against the Spanish troops at Bailen gave hope to Napoleon's enemies. Army reforms gave Austria confidence in being able to tackle the French.
The Austrian army became even larger. The new guns, the smell and feel of the fresh military clothing, the comradeship of fellow men – all contributed to the men’s growing sense of excitement about meeting the French army in battle. For many, war was a glorious spectacle. While the starry-eyed new recruits tossed around vibrant tales of their planned prowess as soldiers, the actual combat veterans within the regiments grimly went about the task of teaching this motley collection of recruits how to act like soldiers. Most of whom knew how unrealistic it was to expect these boys to stop the cream of Napoleon's army.

Johann Stadion, Austria's foreign minister. Johann-Philipp-Karl-Joseph Stadion played a large part in the formation of the 3rd and 5th coalition against France. Notwithstanding the failure of this alliance in 1805, he was made foreign minister, and pursued a policy of quiet preparation for a fresh trial of strength with Napoleon. In 1808 Stadion abandoned the policy of procrastination, and with the help of Metternich hastened the outbreak of a new war.

Although grimly prepared to fight alone, Austria sought allies. Prussia secretly promised support, but when the time came, proved afraid to deliver.

Great Britain offered up minor subsidies and indicated that she would send a small corps to the northern Europe. Napoleon failed to secure Russia's compliance with the armistice agreement of 1807. Therefore, in January 1809, the Ottoman government concluded the Treaty of the Dardanelles with Britain (being now in war with both France and Russia).

That power that counted most in 1809 - Russia - was not yet ready to abandon her alliance with France.

Meanwhile, a new French army led by Napoleon himself entered Spain and dealt blow after blow to the opposing Spanish forces. Napoleon entered Madrid and then unleashed Marshal Soult's troops against Moore's British forces. The British were swiftly driven to the coast and defeated at Corunna by Marshal Soult. Moore's redcoats hastily embarked and left Spain.
The campaign led to turmoil in England. Many politicians were alarmed at the manner in which the experiences of Moore's army had produced on the public opinion. Politician after politician "demanded the publication of the official correspondence, pressed for the establishemnt of a parliamentary committee of enquiry ..." (- Esdaile - "The Peninsular War" publ. 2002).

War !
Austria reformed her army and went all out,
putting arms in the hands of more soldiers
than ever before in her long history.

Napoleon by W. Kossak. According to Englund, Napoleon was not ready for a fight right now. His army was busy in Spain fighting against the guerillas. Russia was a dubious ally. There were numerous French troops occupying various German states. Speaking shortly, Napoleon's army was divided. Fortunately Austria's strategy was helping him. The Austrians divided their army into three separate groups, one in Germany, one in Italy and one in Poland. It would turn out to be a major mistake. (Englund - "Napoleon: A Political Life")

The Emperor returned to Paris leaving Spain to his marshals; Soult, Victor, Ney and others. They will soon face another British general, Wellesley, and British-German-Portuguese army. The war in Peninsula will take several long years.

Napoleon was hastening from Paris towards the primary theater of war in central Europe. (See map below.) He concentrated his troops in Bavaria. Inflamed by patriotic feelings Austria went to war, one army invaded Bavaria and another entered Italy.

Napoleon marched against the strung out and confident whitecoats. At Abensberg, he split the Austrian army in two, and vigorously pursued. The French won at Landshut and Eckmuhl, and captured Ratisbon. Napoleon then marched on Vienna and crossed the Danube at Aspern-Essling. Unfortunately the bridge was broken by high waters and objects sent down by the Austrians.

Map of napoleonic Europe in 1809.
Map of napoleonic Europe in 1809. Taking advantage of France's preocupatio with Spain, the massive Austrian army launched a surprise attack in Bavaria, France's ally. Faulty intelligence gave Napoleon the impression that the main Austrian attack would come north of the Danube River.

Maps of Europe 1809 (ext.links) - 1, - 2,

Bridges over Danube.
Trees were cut down and the abandoned buildings
were dismantled to provide necessary lumber.
With the bridge ready, Napoleon moved his troops
on the island.

French light infantry, by Giuseppe Rava. The French first attempt to cross Danube failed. The voltigeurs of 72nd and 105th Line, supported by an entire infantry battalion were attacked by Nordmann's Grenzers and Vienna Volunteers. The French were driven back, some to a corner of an island, and approx. 700 surrendered.

Baron de Marbot of French cavalry described this action: "Marshal Lannes ordered General Saint-Hilaire to send 500 men to the island of Schwarzelaken, which is separated from the left bank by a small arm of the river, and almost reaches the end of the Spitz bridge. General Saint-Hilaire composed this force of men from two regiments under two majors, which was likely to interfere with combined action. Thus, on reaching the island these officers, not acting in concert, committed the great mistake of having no reserve in a large house well placed for protecting the landing of more troops.
Then dashing on blindly, without organisation, they pursued some detachments of the enemy who were defending the island. These shortly received reinforcements from the left bank, and though our soldiers repulsed the first attacks with vigour, forming square and fighting with the bayonet, they were overwhelmed by numbers, more than half being killed and all the rest wounded and taken before support could reach them. The Emperor and Marshal Lannes arrived on the river-bank just in time to witness this disaster. They bitterly reproached General Saint-Hilaire, who, though he had much experience of war, had made the mistake of first composing his detachment badly, and then of letting it go before he was in a position to support it promptly by successive reinforcements. It is true he had few boats at his disposal, but plenty more were coming up, for which he might have waited, and not acted precipitately. In this affair the Austrian troops were commanded by a French émigré, General Nordmann. "

On May 18 the French voltigeurs rowed across the Danube carrying a cable that would support the bridge to the large Lobau Island. The voltigeurs cleared the island and construction of a bridge began. Trees were cut down and the abandoned buildings were dismantled to provide necessary lumber. Once ready, Napoleon moved his troops and artillery on the island. The cannons and howitzers dominated the area that would become the bridgehead, later called tete de pont.

In the evening the French pontoneers had completed the second bridge and Molitor's infantry division (of MdE Massena's IV Army Corps) crossed over the river. By exercising great care, the cannons and howitzers were brought across. French horse battery drove off Austrian battery.

However the effort to push 50,000 infantry and cavalry across the river became tangled and the problem delayed deployment of French forces until after the Austrians had a chance to react. After the French light cavalry moved to the front, the second bridge broke. It was soon repaired and in the night the rest of Massena's IV Army Corps reached the Austrian bank. The next day Massena climbed the church tower in Aspern and watched the Austrian positions. His soldiers built several earthworks near the bridgehead.

On Lobau Island.
"There were many happy renewals of friendship
as French soldiers who had been scattered in
garrisons throughout Europe met one another
for the first time since ... 1805"

Napoleon at Wagram Energy, endurance, and skill were taxed to the utmost; but the crossing was effected. Napoleon's army camped on Lobau Island covered in meadows, scrub and woods of elms and willows. It was incredible assembly of the best troops and generals of Europe.

Majority camped in the open and slept on the ground, with their greatcoats rolled up as pillows. Only few built huts. "There were many happy renewals of friendship as French soldiers who had been scattered in garrisons throughout Europe met one another for the first time since departing the camps along the Atlantic coast back in 1805." (- James Arnold)

Marbot writes: "On the evening of May 20, the Emperor and Marshal Lannes being lodged in the only house which existed on the island, my comrades and I took up our quarters close by, in brilliant moonlight, on beautiful turf. It was a delicious night, and with the carelessness of soldiers, thinking nothing of the morrow's dangers, we chatted gaily, and sang the last new airs ..." (Marbot - "The Memoirs of Baron de Marbot" Vol. I)

On the other side of the river the French could see a level expanse stretching to the villages of Aspern and Essling, and the wooded heighs of Bisamberg.

Austrians defeat Napoleon at Aspern-Essling.
"As soon as one of these villages was occupied by the enemy,
the Emperor sent up reserves to retake it, and if we were again
driven from it, he took it again, though both places were on fire."
- Baron de Marbot

Map of Battle of Aspern-Essling. 1. Bridges on Danube. On the island stood French heavy guns. To damage the bridges the Austrian engineers had launched boats laden with rock into the current.
2. Gemeine Au wood was the battleground for French voltigeurs and Austrian Grenzers and jagers.
3. Tree-lined elevated road from Aspern to Essling. South of the road stood Bessieres' cuirassiers. Between the road and Danube were tile works where Napoleon sat on a drum.
4. Park.
5. Granary in Essling. Nearby was a large farm with a walled garden. Marshal Lannes was in Essling.
6. Church in Aspern. From the church tower Massena observed the enemy. Three large trees shaded the cemetery. Aspern was erased by a hail of cannonballs, burned by howitzer shells and changed hands 6 times!

In the morning the Austrian troops took up their position facing the French in Essling and Aspern. Unfortunately MdE Masséna failed to have loopholed the houses of these villages. His infantrymen occupied the two strongpoints; the church in Aspern and granary in Essling. Bessières' Reserve Cavalry was formed in the space between Essling and Aspern. The overall command over Massena and Bessiers was given to the French Ajax, Marshal Lannes.
The French position was strong. Both villages contained stout buildings and the elevated road provided shelter. Between Aspern and Danube was marshy, wooded terrain. The area between Essling and Danube was covered by French artillery from Lobau. The only problem were the unstable bridges. The water was high.

Austrian infantry in combat The Austrian army had 70,000 infantry, 12,000 cavalry and 288 guns. At 2 PM the whitecoats attacked. At once there opened such an artillery combat as the armies had never before seen. It was almost impossible for aids to report or for orders to be given from the center of so much noise and confusion Great volumes of smoke, however, soon obscured the battlefield, and many of the soldiers could not see that there was a foe in front of them until they were within short range of the enemy line.
Marbot writes: "The cannonade was terrible; the enemy's force was so much superior to ours that they might easily have hurled us into the Danube ... and if the Emperor had been in the Archduke's place he would certainly have taken that course. But the Austrian commander-in-chief was too methodical to act in this determined way, therefore instead of boldly massing a strong force in the direction of our tête de pont, he occupied the whole of the first day in attacking Aspern and Essling, which he carried and lost five or six times after murderous combats. As soon as one of these villages was occupied by the enemy, the Emperor sent up reserves to retake it, and if we were again driven from it, he took it again, though both places were on fire.
During this alternation of successes and reverses, the Austrian cavalry several times threatened our centre, but ours repulsed it and returned to its place between the two villages, though terribly cut up by the enemy's artillery. Thus the action continued till ten in the evening, the French remaining masters of Essling and Aspern, while the Austrians, withdrawing their left and centre, did nothing but make some fruitless attacks on Aspern. They brought up, however, strong reinforcements for the morrow's action."
(Marbot - "The Memoirs of Baron de Marbot")

At dawn of the 22nd the battle was resumed. Masséna cleared Aspern of the Austrians, but at the same time Rosenberg stormed Essling. In Aspern, Masséna was driven out by a counter-attack of Hiller and Bellegarde. The whole of the French center, with Lannes on the left and the cavalry in reserve, moved forward.

Archduke Charles led his soldiers with a Color in his hand The Austrian line was broken through and victory was almost won when Archduke Charles brought up his last reserve, leading his soldiers with a colour in his hand (see picture). Lannes was checked, and with his repulse the impetus of the attack died out all along the line. Aspern had been lost, and the bridges had been cut by heavy barges, which had been sent drifting down stream by the Austrian engineers.Napoleon at once suspended the attack. Essling was taken by the Austrians and then lost.

The death of Marshal Lannes The French lost over 20,000 men including Marshal Lannes, who died after being mortally wounded by an Austrian cannonball. The Austrians had also suffered similar casualties but had secured the first major victory against the French for over a decade.

News of the victory spread in Europe like wildfire. The battle demonstrated how far the Austrian army had progressed since the catastrophic defeats in 1800 and 1805. (- wikipedia.org 2007)

.

Napoleon crosses Danube again.
This crossing in July was in great contrast to the
improvisational crossing back in May.

Bertrand, the most known engineer. Immensely loyal to Napoleon. His great success in the field was the construction of the bridges across the Danube. It was Henri Gratien Bertrand who directed the building of the bridges by which the French army crossed the Danube at Wagram. His life was closely bound up with that of Napoleon, who had the fullest confidence in him. He accompanied Napoleon to Elba Island in 1814. (Condemned to death in 1816, he did not return to France until after Napoleon's death, and then King Louis XVIII granted him amnesty.)

The Emperor established his headquarters on Lobau Island on 3rd July. Marshal MacDonald writes: "It was clear that a great operation was being prepared. We were not the last to arrive, and by nine o'clock in the evening of July 4 we were at our posts on the Danube at the crossing-place that had been selected for the surprise of the enemy. We had marched sixty leagues in three days, and notwithstanding our excessive fatigue, and the heat of the season, we had but few laggards, so anxious were the men of the [French] Army of Italy to take part in the great events that were preparing, and to fight in presence of their brothers-in-arms of the [French] Grand Army, and under the very eyes of the Emperor.
That night an appalling storm burst upon us; rain and hail fell in torrents, driven by a raging north wind, the whistling of which mingled with the peals of thunder and the roar of cannon. This tempest was extremely favourable to our passage of the Danube upon bridges built on piles, at which they had been working since the fatal 22nd of the previous May ; were masked by the thickly-wooded island of Lobau. "

On 4th July the French troops were ready to cross Danube again. The advance guard crossed the river in the night in boats and rafts. It was raining and the Austrians were not too vigilant. The French took the Austrian camp by surprise and captured prisoners. Large flatboats were employed as pontoons to carry a bridge. Once the bridge was secure Oudinot's II Army Corps left the island and moved against the whitecoats. Oudinot ordered the Portuguese infantry to digg trenches to protect the bridges. Before midnight 109 heavy guns on island opened fire on Austrian fortifications.

The rain ended in early morning of the next day. Austrian advance posts were able to see masses of French soldiers on both sides of the river. The Austrian emperor and Archduke Charles were in Bisamberg and realized that Nordmann's advance guard won't be able to halt the enemy. Between 2 and 4 PM the French surged through Raasdorf.

The center of the attacking force was the 57th Line (nickamed "The Terrible 57" for their ferocity in combat), the flower of the French infantry; but many other regiments took part in the assault. They stormed Baumersdorf with elan but were repulsed by the Austrians.

Von Angeli described the fight for Baumersdorf: "One exchanged musketry at very close range. The enormous din, as wave upon wave of musketry constantly erupted ...is completely beyond the imagination. Evrything, even the thunder of the numerous cannon, seemed insignificant amid the raging storm of the so-called smallarms."

Meanwhile Oudinot's infantry crossed Russbach before the Vincent Chevauxlegeres drove them back.

The Saxons stormed Wagram and attempted to capture the 20-pace-wide bridge. The Austrians opened musket fire from buildings and across the river. Although the elite Saxon LeibGarde held the ground they have suffered badly. As night fell there was a great deal of confusion.
The Saxons and Austrians wore white uniforms and friendly fire resulted in many casualties. Both sides sent in reinforcements to keep the fighting going. But they had entered the fight piecemeal. Wagram was burning.

The French and the Austrians set up their videttes on an arc several miles long.

Armies at Wagram.
French and Austrian Order of Battle.

French ranks:
MdE - Maréchal d'Empire
GdD - Général de division
GdB - Général de Brigade
Col. - Colonel
Mjr. - Major

Allies ranks:
FM - Feldmarschall (Field Marshal)
GdK - Generall der Kavallerie (General of Cavalry)
GdI - Generall der Infanterie (General of Infantry)
FzM - Feldzeugmeister
FL- Feldmarschall-Leutenant
GL - Generalleutnant (General Lieutenant)
GM - Generallmajor (General Major)

Austrian infantry officer.

AUSTRAIN ORDER OF BATTLE
Commander: Archduke Charles

The Austrian army at Wagram (128,968 men) was commanded by Archduke Charles, and consisted of the following units: Advance Guard of the Army, I, II, III, VI Army Corps, I Reserve Corps, and Cavalry Corps. The Chief-of-Staff of the army was GM Max von Wimpfen. The Austrian troops were well-trained. The individual regiments of light cavalry, the artillery, and the grenadier battalions were superb. The Austrians were inferior to the French mainly on multi-regimental level. Although Archduke Charles was no Napoleon, he was an excellent commander and one of the top generals in Europe.

  • Nordmann's Advance Guard - 14,365 men
  • I Army Corps - 21,693 men
  • II Army Corps - 25,951 men
  • III Army Corps - 16,596 men
  • IV Army Corps - 18,187 men
    V Army Corps - facing Vienna
  • VI Army Corps - 13,740 men
  • I Reserve Corps (Grenadiers) and Cavalry Corps - 18,436 men

    Advance Guard (Light "Division")
    Commander: FML Armand von Nordmann

    - - - - - - - - Cavalry Brigade: GM Schneller
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hessen-Homburg 4th Hussars [8 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Horse Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - Advance Guard Brigade: GM Frelich
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Stipsich 10th Hussars [8 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - VII/Jagers [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13th Grenzers [2 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Horse Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - Advance Guard Brigade: GM Vecsey
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Palatin 12th Hussars [6 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I/Jagers [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Beaulieu 58th Infantry [2 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - III/Meinharts-Berg Landwehr [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Horse Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GM Meyer
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Duetschmeister 4th Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Kerpen 49th Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - V/Vienna Woods Landwehr [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - VI/Vienna Woods Landwehr [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Brigade Foot Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GM Riese
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Bellegarde 44th Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Chasteler 46th Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I/Vienna Woods Landwehr [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - II/Vienna Woods Landwehr [1 btn.]

    .

    I ARMY CORPS
    Commander: GdK Heinrich Graf Bellegarde

    - - - - - - - - Advance Guard Brigade: GM Stutterheim
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Klenau 5th Chevauxlegeres [8 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - II/Jagers [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Horse Battery [6 guns]
    Infantry Division: Martin Dedovich
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GM Henneberg
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Reuss-Plauen 17th Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Kollowrath 36th Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Brigade Foot Battery [8 guns]
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GM Vacquant
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Archduke Rainer 11th Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Vogelsang 47th Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Brigade Foot Battery [8 guns]
    Infantry Division: FML Graf de Fresnel
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GM Clary
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Anton Mitrovski 10th Infantry [2 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Erbach 42nd Infantry [2 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I/Hradisher Landwehr [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Brigade Foot Battery [8 guns]
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GM Motzen
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Argentau 35thth Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - IV/Archduke Charles Legion [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Brigade Foot Battery [8 guns]
    Reserve Artillery
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12 pdr Position Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12 pdr Position Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12pdr Position Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Position Battery [6 guns]

    II ARMY CORPS
    Commander: GdK Friedrich Hohenzollern

    - - - - - - - - Advance Guard Brigade: GM Graf Hardegg
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Vincent 4th Chevauxlegeres [6 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - VIII Jagers [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - II/Archduke Charles Legion [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Horse Battery [6 guns]
    Infantry Division: FML Thomas Brady
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GM Buresh
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Zach 15th Infantry [2 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Josef Colloredo 57th Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I/Brunner Landwehr [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - III/Brunner Landwehr [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Brigade Foot Battery [8 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Position Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GM Paar
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Zedwitz 25th Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Froon 54th Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - II/Znaimer Landwehr [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - III/Hradischer Landwehr [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Brigade Foot Battery [8 guns]
    Infantry Division: FML Josef Ulm
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GM Alstern
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Rohan 21st Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Brigade Foot Battery [8 guns]
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GM Weid-Runkel
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Frolih 28th Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - de Aspre 18th Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Brigade Foot Battery [8 guns]
    Reserve Artillery
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12 pdr Position Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12 pdr Position Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Position Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Position Battery [6 guns]

    III ARMY CORPS
    Commander: FZM Karl Graf Kollowrath-Krakowski

    - - - - - - - - Advance Guard Brigade: GM Schneller
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Schwarzenberg 2nd Uhlans [6 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Lobkovitz Jagers Free Corps [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - II/Berauner Landwehr [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Horse Battery [6 guns]
    Infantry Division: FML Friedrich Graf St.Julien
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GM Lilienberg
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Kaiser (Emperor's) 1st Infantry [2 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Manfredini 12th Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Wurzburg 23rd Infantry [2 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Brigade Foot Battery [8 guns]
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GM Bieber
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Kaunitz 20th Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Wurtemberg 38th Infantry [2 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Brigade Foot Battery [8 guns]
    Infantry Division: FML Josef Vukassovich
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GM Grill
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Wenzel Colloredo 56th Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Karl Schroeder 7th Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Brigade Foot Battery [8 guns]
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GM Wratislaw
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Prager Landwehr [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I/Berauner Landwehr [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3pdr Brigade Foot Battery [6 guns]
    Reserve Artillery
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12 pdr Position Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12 pdr Position Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Position Battery [6 guns]

    .

    .

    IV ARMY CORPS
    Commander: FML Franz von Rosenberg-Orsini

    - - - - - - - - Advance Guard Brigade: GM Provencheres
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - de Este 3rd Hussars [8 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Carneville Free Corps [1 sq. + 1/3 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Waltrich Jagers [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - II/Mahrish Volunteers [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Horse Battery [6 guns]
    Infantry Division: FML Hohenlohe-Bartenstein
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GM Hessen-Homburg
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hiller 2nd Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Sztarrai 33rd Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Brigade Foot Battery [8 guns]
    Infantry Division: FML Victor Rohan von Guem
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GM Swinburne
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Archduke Ludwig 8th Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Koburg 22nd Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I/Iglauer Landwehr [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I/Znaimer Landwehr [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Brigade Foot Battery [8 guns]
    Infantry Division: FML Radetzky
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GM Weiss
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Archduke Charles 3rd Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Stein 50th Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - II/O.M.B. Landwehr [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - IV/Vienna Woods Landwehr [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Brigade Foot Battery [8 guns]
    Reserve Artillery
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12 pdr Position Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12 pdr Position Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Position Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Position Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Position Battery [6 guns]
    .

    .

    .

    .

    VI ARMY CORPS
    Commander: FML Johann Graf von Klenau

    - - - - - - - - Advance Guard Brigade: GM Wallmoden
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Liechtenstein Hussars [8 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Kienmayer Hussars [8 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Horse Battery [6 guns]
    Infantry Division: FML Hohenfeld
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GM Alder
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Klebek 14th Infantry [2 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Jordis 59th Infantry [2 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - III/Archduke Charles Legion [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - III/Mahrish Landwehr [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Outer Austrian Landwehr [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Brigade Foot Battery [8 guns]
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GM Hoffmeister
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Giulay 60th Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Kollowrath 36th Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Brigade Foot Battery [8 guns]
    Infantry Division: FML Friedrich Kottulinski
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GM Splenyi
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Beniowski 31st Infantry [2 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Splenyi 51st Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - III/Vienna Volunteers [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - IV/Vienna Volunteers [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Combined Mahrish Landwehr [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Brigade Foot Battery [6 guns]
    Infantry Division: FML Karl Vincent
    - - - - - - - - Grenzer Brigade: GM Vecsey
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Warasdiner 7th Grenzers [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Border 6th Grenzers [1/2 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3pdr Grenzer Foot Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - Landwehr Brigade: GM Mariassy
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I/Vienna Volunteers [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - II/Vienna Volunteers [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - III/Lower Austria Landwehr [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3pdr Grenzer Foot Battery [6 guns]
    Reserve Artillery
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12 pdr Position Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Position Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Position Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Position Battery [6 guns]

    I RESERVE CORPS (Grenadier Corps)
    Commander: GdK Johann Liechtenstein

    Grenadier Division: FML Aspre von Hoobruck
    - - - - - - - - Grenadier Brigade: GM de Merville
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Grenadier Battalion [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Grenadier Battalion [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Grenadier Battalion [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Grenadier Battalion [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Brigade Foot Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - Grenadier Brigade: GM Hammer
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Grenadier Battalion [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Grenadier Battalion [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Grenadier Battalion [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Grenadier Battalion [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Brigade Foot Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3pdr Brigade Foot Battery [6 guns]
    Grenadier Division: FML Johann Prohaska
    - - - - - - - - Grenadier Brigade: GM Murray de Melgum
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Grenadier Battalion [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Grenadier Battalion [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Grenadier Battalion [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Grenadier Battalion [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Brigade Foot Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - Grenadier Brigade: GM Steyrer von Edelberg
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Grenadier Battalion [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Grenadier Battalion [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Grenadier Battalion [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Grenadier Battalion [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Brigade Foot Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3pdr Brigade Foot Battery [6 guns]
    .

    .

    CAVALRY CORPS
    Commander: GdK Friedrich Hessen-Homburg

    Cuirassier Division: FML Hessen-Homburg
    - - - - - - - - Cuirassier Brigade: GM Kroyer von Helmsfels
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Kaiser (Emperor's) 1st Cuirassiers [4 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Liechtenstein 6th Cuirassiers [6 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Horse Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Horse Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - Cuirassier Brigade: GM Ignatz Lederer
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ferdinand 4th Cuirassiers [6 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hohenzollern 8th Cuirassiers [6 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Horse Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Horse Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - Cuirassier Brigade: GM de Hurbal
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Este 2nd Cuirassiers [6 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Albrecht 3rd Cuirassiers [6 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Horse Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Horse Battery [6 guns]
    Cavalry Division: FML Karl-Filip Schwarzenberg
    - - - - - - - - Cavalry Brigade: GM Teimern
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Rosenberg 6th Chevauxlegeres [8 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Levenehr 4th Dragoons [6 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Horse Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - Cavalry Brigade: GM Timoteus Kerekes
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Insurection Hussars [6 sq.]
    Cavalry Division: FML Graf Nostitz-Rieneck
    - - - - - - - - Cavalry Brigade: GM Leopold Rotkirch
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Archduke John Dragoons [6 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Riesch Dragoons [6 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Horse Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - Cavalry Brigade: GM Wartensleben
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Blankenstein 6th Hussars [10 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - O'Reilly 3rd Chevauxlegeres [8 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Horse Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Horse Battery [6 guns]

    French general

    FRENCH ORDER OF BATTLE
    Commander: Emperor Napoleon
    Chief-of-Staff: MdE Berthier

    Napoleon's army at Wagram (178,400 men) consisted of the following units: Imperial Guard, Reserve Cavalry, II, III, IV, IX, XI Army Corps, Wrede's Bavarians, and Eugene's so-called Army of Italy. These units were commanded by Bessieres, Davout, Massena, Macdonald, Marmont, Eugene, and Wrede.

    Napoleon's forces:

  • Imperial Guard - 12,363 men
  • Bessieres' Reserve Cavalry - 8,778 men
  • Oudinot's II Army Corps - 28,060 men
  • Davout's III Army Corps - 36,571 men
  • Massena's IV Army Corps - 30,948 men
  • Bernadotte's IX Army Corps - 16,850 men
  • Marmont's XI Army Corps - 10,700 men
  • Cavalry screening right wing - 4,177 men
  • Eugene's Army of Italy - 23,306 men
    (incl. Grennier's Corps, MacDonald's Corps,
    Lechci's Italian Guard, and Wrede's 6,647 Bavarians)

    IMPERIAL GUARD
    Commander: .....

    1st Guard Infantry Division: GdD Curial
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: Rouget
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Tirailleurs-Chasseurs [2 btns.] (Young Guard)
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Tirailleurs-Grenadiers [2 btns.] (Young Guard)
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: Rouget
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Fusiliers-Chasseurs [2 btns.] (Young Guard)
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Fusiliers-Grenadiers [2 btns.] (Young Guard)
    2nd Guard Infantry Division: GdD Dorsenne
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Foot Chasseurs [2 btns.] (Old Guard)
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Foot Grenadiers [2 btns.] (Old Guard)
    Guard Cavalry Division: GdD Walther
    - - - - - - - - Guard Light Cavalry Brigade
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Polish Guard Chevauxlegeres [4 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Guard Chasseurs-a-Cheval [4 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - Guard Heavy Cavalry Brigade
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Empress Dragoons [4 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Guard Grenadiers-a-Cheval [4 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Gendarmes d'Elite [2 sq.]
    Guard Artillery: GdD Lauriston
    - - - - - - - - Guard Horse Artillery: Col. d'Aboville
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Horse Battery [6 guns] (Old Guard)
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Horse Battery [6 guns] (Old Guard)
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Horse Battery [6 guns] (Old Guard)
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Horse Battery [6 guns] (Old Guard)
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Horse Battery [6 guns] (Young Guard)
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Horse Battery [6 guns] (Young Guard)
    - - - - - - - - Guard Foot Artillery
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8pdr Foot Battery [8 guns] (Young Guard)
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8pdr Foot Battery [8 guns] (Young Guard)
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8pdr Foot Battery [8 guns] (Young Guard)
    - - - - - - - - Guard Heavy Artillery: Drouot
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12pdr Foot Battery [4 guns] (Old Guard)
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12pdr Foot Battery [4 guns] (Old Guard)
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12pdr Foot Battery [4 guns] (Old Guard)

    RESERVE CAVALRY
    Commander: MdE Jean-Baptiste Bessieres

    1st Heavy Cavalry Division: GdD Nansouty
    - - - - - - - - Heavy Cavalry Brigade: GdB Defrance
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1st Carabiniers [4 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2nd Carabiniers [4 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - Heavy Cavalry Brigade: GdB Doumerc
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2nd Cuirassiers [4 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9th Cuirassiers [4 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - Heavy Cavalry Brigade: GdB St.Germain
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3rd Cuirassiers [4 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12th Cuirassiers [4 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - Artillery
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Horse Battery
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Horse Battery
    2nd Heavy Cavalry Division: GdD St.Sulpice
    - - - - - - - - Heavy Cavalry Brigade: GdB Fiteau
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1st Cuirassiers [4 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5th Cuirassiers [4 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - Heavy Cavalry Brigade: GdB Guiton
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10th Cuirassiers [4 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11th Cuirassiers [4 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - Artillery
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Horse Battery
    3rd Heavy Cavalry Division: GdD Arrighi
    - - - - - - - - Heavy Cavalry Brigade: GdB Raynaud
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4th Cuirassiers [4 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6th Cuirassiers [4 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - Heavy Cavalry Brigade: GdB Bordesoulle
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7th Cuirassiers [4 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8th Cuirassiers [4 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Horse Battery
    In early morning, during the first Austrian attack
    against Davout, Napoleon assigned Arrighi's division
    to Davout's III Army Corps.

    .

    II ARMY CORPS
    Commander: GdD Oudinot

    - - - - - - - - Light Cavalry Brigade: GdB Colbert
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9th Hussars [4 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7th Chasseurs-a-Cheval [4 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 20th Chasseurs-a-Cheval [3 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + Saxon Prinz Johann Chevauxleg. [4]
    - - - - - - - - Portuguese Legion: GdB Logo
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Portuguese Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Portuguese Cavalry [2 sq.]
    1st Infantry Division: GdD Tharreau
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Conroux
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Corsican Tirailleurs Corses [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6th Light Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9th Light Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 24th Light Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 25th Light Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 27th Light Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Albert
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8th Line Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 24th Line Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 45th Line Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 94th Line Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 95th Line Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 96th Line Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Jarry
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4th Line Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 18th Line Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 54th Line Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 63rd Line Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - Artillery
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8pdr Foot Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4pdr Foot Battery [6 guns]
    2nd Infantry Division: GdD Claparede
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Coehorn
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Italian Tirailleurs du Po [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 17th Light Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 21st Light Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 26th Light Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 28th Light Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Razout
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 27th Line Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 39th Line Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 59th Line Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 69th Line Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 76th Line Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Ficatier
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 40th Line Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 64th Line Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 88th Line Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 100th Line Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 103rd Line Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - Artillery
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8pdr Foot Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4pdr Foot Battery [6 guns]
    3rd Infantry Division: GdD Grandjean
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Marion
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10th Light Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Lorencez
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3rd Line Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 57th Line Infantry [3 btns.] "The Terrible 57th"
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Brun
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 72nd Line Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 105th Line Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - Artillery
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8pdr Foot Battery [8 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Foot Battery [8 guns]
    Reserve Artillery
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12pdr Foot Battery [8 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12pdr Foot Battery [8 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12pdr Foot Battery [8 guns]

    III ARMY CORPS
    Commander: MdE Davout

    - - - - - - - - Light Cavalry Brigade: GdB Pajol
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5th Hussars [3 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11th Chasseurs-a-Cheval [4 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12th Chasseurs-a-Cheval [3 sq.]
    1st Infantry Division: GdD Morand
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Lacour
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13th Light Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 17th Line Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB l'Hullier
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 30th Line Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 61st Line Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - Artillery
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8pdr Foot Battery [8 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Foot Battery [8 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4pdr Foot Battery [6 guns]
    2nd Infantry Division: GdD Friant
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Gilly
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15th Light Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 33rd Line Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Barbanegre
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 48th Line Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Grandeau
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 108th Line Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 111th Line Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - Artillery
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8pdr Foot Battery [8 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Foot Battery [8 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4pdr Foot Battery [6 guns]
    3rd Infantry Division: GdD Gudin
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Leclerc
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7th Light Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Boyer
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12th Line Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 21st Line Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Dupellin
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 25th Line Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 85th Line Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - Artillery
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8pdr Foot Battery [8 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8pdr Foot Battery [8 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4pdr Foot Battery [6 guns]
    4th Infantry Division: GdD Puthod
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Girard
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 17th Light Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 30th Line Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 33rd Line Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 61st Line Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 65th Line Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Desailly
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7th Light Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 21st Line Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 25th Line Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 85th Line Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 111th Line Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - Artillery: Hanicque
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4pdr Foot Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4pdr Foot Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4pdr Horse Battery [6 guns]
    Reserve Artillery
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12pdr Foot Battery [8 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12pdr Foot Battery [8 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12pdr Foot Battery [8 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4pdr Foot Battery [6 guns]

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    IV ARMY CORPS
    Commander: MdE Massena

    - - - - - - - - Light Cavalry Brigade: GdB Marulaz
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3rd Chasseurs-a-Cheval [4 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14th Chasseurs-a-Cheval [4 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 19th Chasseurs-a-Cheval [4 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 23rd Chasseurs-a-Cheval [3 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + Bavarian Chevauxlegeres [4 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + Hessen-Darmstadt Guard Chevauxleg. [2 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + Baden Light Dragoons [1 sq.]
    Light Cavalry Division: GdD Lasalle
    - - - - - - - - Light Cavalry Brigade: GdB Pire
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8th Hussars [4 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 16th Chasseurs-a-Cheval [4 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - Light Cavalry Brigade: GdB Bruyere
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13th Chasseurs-a-Cheval [4 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 24th Chasseurs-a-Cheval [3 sq.]
    1st Infantry Division: GdD Legrand
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Ledru
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 26th Light Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 18th Line Infantry [3 btns.] "The Brave 18th"
    - - - - - - - - Baden Brigade: Neuenstein
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Baden Jagers [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Baden 1st Infantry [2 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Baden 2nd Infantry [2 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Baden 3rd Infantry [2 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - Artillery
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Foot Battery [8 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Horse Battery [4 guns]
    2nd Infantry Division: GdD Carra St.Cyr
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Cosson
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 24th Light Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Delasme
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4th Line Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 46th Line Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - Hesse-Darsmstadt Brigade: .....
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hesse-Darsmstadt Leib-Garde Musket. [2]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hesse-Darsmstadt Leib Musket. [1]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hesse-Darsmstadt Leib-Garde Fusil. [1]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hesse-Darsmstadt Leib Fusil. [1]
    - - - - - - - - Artillery
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Foot Battery [8 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Foot Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Horse Battery [6 guns]
    3rd Infantry Division: GdD Molitor
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Leguay
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2nd Line Infantry [2 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 16th Line Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Viviez
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 37th Line Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 67th Line Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - Artillery
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Foot Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4pdr Foot Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Horse Battery [6 guns]
    4th Infantry Division: GdD Boudet
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Fririon
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3rd Light Infantry [2 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Valory
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 56th Line Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 93rd Line Infantry [2 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - Artillery
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Foot Battery [8 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Horse Battery [6 guns]
    Reserve Artillery: Pernetti
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12pdr Foot Battery [8 guns]

    IX ARMY CORPS
    Commander: MdE Bernadotte

    - - - - - - - - Light Cavalry Brigade: GM Gutschmidt
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Saxon Prinz Clemens Chevaxleg. [4]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Saxon Herzog Albert Chevaxleg. [1]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Saxon Hussars [3 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - Heavy Cavalry Brigade: GM Feilitzsch
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Saxon Garde-du-Corps [2]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Saxon Leib-Garde Cuirassiers [4]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Saxon Carabiniers [2 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Saxon 8pdr Horse Battery [6 guns]
    1st Infantry Division: GL Zeschwitz
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GM Hardtitzsch
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Saxon Leib Grenadier Garde [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Saxon II/Grenadiers [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Saxon II/Schutzen [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GM Zeschau
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Saxon II/Schutzen [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Saxon King's Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Saxon Niesemeuschel Infantry [1]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Saxon combined infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - Artillery
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Saxon 8pdr Foot Battery [8 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Saxon 8pdr Foot Battery [8 guns]
    2nd Infantry Division: GL Polentz
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GM Lecoq
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Saxon Prinz Clemens Infantry [1]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Saxon Low Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Saxon Cerrini Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GM Steindel
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Saxon Prinz Anton Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Saxon Prinz Maximilian Infantry [1]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Saxon Prinz Frederich Infantry [1]
    - - - - - - - - Artillery
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Saxon 8pdr Foot Battery [8 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Saxon 8pdr Foot Battery [8 guns]
    3rd Infantry Division: GdD Dupas
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Gency
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5th Light Infantry [2 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Veau
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 19th Line Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + Saxon I/Grenadiers [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + Saxon I/Schutzen [1 btn.]
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    XI ARMY CORPS
    Commander: Marmont

    1st Infantry Division: GdD Montrichard
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Soyez
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 18th Light Infantry [2 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5th Line Infantry [2 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Launay
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 79th Line Infantry [2 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 81st Line Infantry [2 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - Artillery
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Foot Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Foot Battery [6 guns]
    2nd Infantry Division: GdD Clausel
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Delzons
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8th Light Infantry [2 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 23rd Line Infantry [2 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Bachelu
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11th Line Infantry [2 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - Artillery
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Foot Battery [8 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Foot Battery [8 guns]
    Cavalry screening the right wing
    (On Davout's III Army Corps' flank)

    Dragoon Division: GdD Grouchy
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7th Dragoons [4 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 30th Dragoons [4 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Italian Dragoons [4 sq.]
    Dragoon Division: GdD Pully
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 23rd Dragoons [4 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 28th Dragoons [4 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 29 Dragoons [4 sq.]
    Light Cavalry Division: GdD Montbrun
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7th Hussars [3 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1st Chasseurs-a-Cheval [4 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2nd Chasseurs-a-Cheval [3 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4pdr Horse Battery [6 guns]
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    FRENCH ARMY OF ITALY

    Commander-in-Chief: GdD Prince Eugene de Beauharnais
    (Eugene was a brave and generous man, very close to his stepfather Napoleon)

    ARMY CORPS
    Commander: Macdonald

    1st Infantry Division: GdD Broussier
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Dutruy
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9th Light Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 84th Line Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Dessaix
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 92nd Line Infantry [4 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - Artillery
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Foot Battery [6 guns]
    2nd Infantry Division: GdD Lamarque
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Huart
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 18th Light Infantry [2 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13th Line Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Almeiras
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 23rd Line Infantry [2 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 29th Line Infantry [4 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - Artillery
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Foot Battery [6 guns]
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    ======================================

    Royal Italian Guard: GdD Lecchi
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Fontanelli
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Guard Velites [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Honor Guard [1]
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Guerin
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Guard Chasseurs [1]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Guard Grenadiers [1]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Guard Dragoons [2]
    - - - - - - - - Artillery
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Guard Horse Battery [6 guns]

    ======================================

    2nd Bavarian Division: Wrede
    - - - - - - - - Bavarian Infantry Brigade: Minucci
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - VI/Light Infantry Btn. [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Prinz Karl 3rd Infantry [2 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Herzog Wilhelm 6th Infantry [2]
    - - - - - - - - Bavarian Infantry Brigade: Beckers
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Lowenstein 7th Infantry [2 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13th Infantry [2 btns]
    - - - - - - - - Bavarian Cavalry Brigade: Preysing
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - King's 2nd Chevauxlegeres [4 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Leiningen 3rd Chevauxlegeres [4 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Light Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - Bavarian Artillery
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Foot Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6 pdr Foot Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Foot Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Foot Battery [6 guns]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12pdr Foot Battery [6 guns]
    Wrede’s Bavarians arrived at Wagram
    too late to see much action but in time to join
    the pursuit of the withdrawing Austrians.

    ARMY CORPS
    Commander: GdD Grenier

    Light Cavalry Division: GdD Sahuc
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6th Chasseurs-a-Cheval [4 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8th Chasseurs-a-Cheval [4 sq.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9th Chasseurs-a-Cheval [3 sq.]
    1st Infantry Division: GdD Seras
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Garraud
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1st Light Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 35th Line Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 53rd Line Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Roussel
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 42nd Line Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 106th Line Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - Artillery
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Foot Battery [6 guns]
    2nd Infantry Division: GdD Durutte
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Valentin
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 22nd Light Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 23rd Line Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 60th Line Infantry [1 btn.]
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Bruch
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 62nd Line Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 102nd Line Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - Artillery
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Foot Battery [6 guns]
    3rd Infantry Division: GdD Pacthod
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Teste
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8th Light Infantry [2 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1st Line Infantry [3 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - Infantry Brigade: GdB Abbe
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 52nd Line Infantry [4 btns.]
    - - - - - - - - Artillery
    - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6pdr Foot Battery [6 guns]
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    Napoleon's plan hinged on Davout's attack
    against the Austrian left flank and the village
    of Markgrafneusiedel.

    Battle Plans and the Deployment of Troops.
    The Austrian battle line was almost
    twice as extensive as the French line.

    Napoleon Napoleon had not been idle. The French commander had formulated his battle plans by the time he had his army on Lobau Island. The enemy was known to be in large force behind the river, and this made the crossing of Danube exceedingly hazardous. The French occupied Vienna with infantry and the Lobau Island with heavy artillery. The main army held line from Aspern (left flank), to Aderklaa and Wagram in the center, and to Markgrafneusiedel on the right flank. The Imperial Guard, cuirassiers, and Marmont's and MacDonald's corps stood in reserve. Napoleon's plan hinged on Davout's attack against the Austrian left flank and the village of Markgrafneusiedel. Davout planned to fix the Austrians with two divisions while his other two maneuvered to outflank the enemy.

    Maps of Wagram and Waterloo General Jomini writes: "At Wagram his [Napoleon's] order was ... bringing up two masses upon the center and right, while keeping back the left wing; and this he wished to repeat [in 1812] at Borodino and [in 1815] at Waterloo before the Prussians came up.
    (See map --> )

    Karl von Clausewitz writes: "The left wing, which was opposed to the Austrian right resting on the Danube, was extremely weak and was totally defeated. Even their centre at Aderklaa was not very strong, and was obliged to give way to the Austrians on the first day. But that did not signify, because the Emperor’s right, with which he attacked the Austrian left in front and flank, had such a depth that he brought a heavy column of cavalry and horse artillery to bear upon the Austrians in Aderklaa, and if he did not beat them, was able, at all events, to stop their progress."

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    Napoleon's first line at Wagram
    (number of infantry battalions, cavalry squadrons, and guns)
    Massena
    [left flank]
    Bernadotte
    Grenier
    Oudinot
    Davout
    [right flank]
    45 battalions:
    8 light
    25 line
    12 foreign     		20 battalions:
    2 light
    3 line
    15 foreign     		29 battalions:
    4 light
    25 line
    -     		49 battalions:
    7 light
    37 line
    5 foreign     		52 battalions:
    11 light
    41 line
    -
    37 squadrons:
    4 hussars
    26 chasseurs
    7 foreign     		16 squadrons:
    -
    -
    16 foreign         		11 squadrons:
    -
    11 chasseurs
    -     		17 squadrons:
    4 hussars
    7 chasseurs
    6 foreign     		60 squadrons:
    6 hussars
    14 chasseurs
    -
    - - - - 24 dragoons
    16 cuirassiers
    10 guns
    54 guns 32 guns 18 guns 64 guns 114 guns

    Before midnight Archduke Charles issued battle instructions. His all army corps were to form in two lines, screened by skirmishers and supported by artillery. "Recalling the success of his fire ships, the erzherzog (archduke) ordered that the 18 great fire rafts already built by his pontoneers be launched into the Danube's current laden with stones and barrels of gunpowder. Charles hoped that they would ram and burn their way through the French bridges to create havoc similar to that which had occured in May." (- James Arnold)

  • The V Army Corps and infantry brigade of the III Army Corps were left facing the French in Vienna.
  • Archduke Charles instructed Kollowrath-Krakowski's III and Klenau's VI Army Corps to attack the French exposed left flank and Massena's corps. They would begin their approach march at 1 AM.
  • In the center stood Bellegarde's I Army Corps facing the village of Aderklaa. Archduke Charles was with Bellegarde's corps.
  • The waist-deep Russbach Stream was held by Hohenzollern's II Army Corps.
  • On the flank stood Rosenberg's VI Army Corps facing the villages of Markgrafneusiedel and Grosshofen, and Davout's powerful corps.
  • In reserve were the elite Grenadier Corps and Cavalry Corps.
  • Charles sent a cavalry division from his reserve to Rosenberg's corps. Rosenberg faced Davout's corps and numerous French cavalry. A single cuirassier regiment was sent to Hohenzollern's corps. Hohenzollern defended Rossbach Stream.
  • Two hussar regiments were dispatched east to reach out toward Archduke John.

    • .
    Battle of Wagram 1809.
    Battle of Wagram, 1809.

    Map of battle of Wagram 1809

    Map of battle of Wagram 1809.
    Other maps (ext.links) 1 - 2

    .
    "The most beautiful sight I have ever seen in my life
    then unfurled before our eyes. Within a radius of about a mile,
    we could see the entire Austrian army, with its right flank
    anchored on the Danube, and its left extending beyond Wagram..."
    - Chlapowski of Napoleon's Guard Cavalry

    The Battle.
    Wagram was one of the greatest battles of XIX century.
    The battlefield at Wagram was a ground that was familiar to the Austrian army,
    for it was the place where peacetime manoeuvres were held.

    The open fields between Wagram and Danube River, although intersected by many roads, admitted of movement in any direction. When the French advance guard first reached this place the scene was as peaceful as if no war existed. A large body of Austrian cavalry had been observed moving toward the Austrian left. The first sign of activity on the Austrian side came from the light troops.

    With the French infantry and gunners wearing dark blue coats and white trousers, and the Saxons and Austrian foot soldiers wearing white coats, the battlefield looked very colorful. Officer of Napoleon's Guard Cavalry wrote: "The most beautiful sight I have ever seen in my life then unfurled before our eyes. Within a radius of about a mile, we could see the entire Austrian army, with its right flank anchored on the Danube, and its left extending beyond Wagram..."

    Battel of Wagram, 1809. Napoleon observed the countryside, hunched over the mane of his horse. One of Guard Chasseurs carried Napoleon's despatch case and another his field glass. If the Emperor dismounted his escort would immediately do likewise. The Emperor was surrounded by generals and staff officers. Couriers began to move briskly about.
    (Napoleon was never the best of horsemen, and most often travelled by coach. It was painted in green, drawn by 6 large grey horses, and had 2 coachmen on top and a servant on the box. The coach contained pull-out bed, hand-operated printing press, his mobile treasury, and small library.)

    Right flank: Davout vs Rosenberg.
    To Davout's surprise, while he maneuvered
    to strike Rosenberg, Rosenberg attacked Davout.

    The artillery roared to life at 4 AM around Markgrafneusiedel. Pillars of smoke rose into the air. The grand roar followed from all the guns of both armies and the inhabitants of Vienna could hear it. Numerous Austrian infantrymen were placed in skirmish order facing southward, eyes straining under new shakos and helmets to see the approaching legendary French army coming from Raasdorf, Aspern and Essling. Marshal MacDonald writes: "At daybreak, on July 6, a violent cannonade began on our extreme right. We re-established our line, and formed up. The enemy in front of us remained motionless, but soon advanced some troops on the right; they slowly descended the heights as if to cross the stream in front of Bernadotte, who was posted on my left in front of the village of Wagram. On the right was Marshal Davoust, who, marching against the enemy, was either warned, or else met them coming towards him."

    Marshal Louis Davout, nicknamed The Iron Marshal. Davout's corps was more trustworthy and exact in the performance of its duty than any other troop except the Imperial Guard. It was often entrusted with the most difficult part of the work in hand. Napoleon had great confidence in Davout's abilities and he became Emperor's most effective and feared marshal.
    There was something about him which warned his subordinates he was not to be triffled with and would stand no nonsense from either friend or foe. He was a stern disciplinarian who exacted obedience from his troops. But also Davout was difficult to get on with and had no patience with those who tried to take easy ways out. Davout was nicknamed the Iron Marshal.

    To Davout's surprise, while he maneuvered to strike Rosenberg's corps, Rosenberg attacked Davout. Suddenly, all the cocksure attitudes began to change as the French noted the ever-growing forms of the advancing Austrians. Rosenberg's attack had wrong-footed the French. As soon as the skirmishers of the leading battalions had pressed in, the columns came forward. The Austrian infantry marched with enthusiasm, bands playing, and senior officers riding at the front. Davout's artillery greeted them with a hailstorm of projectiles. One of Davout's divisons under GdD Friant held Glinzendorf. Another division under GdD Gudin occupied Grosshofen. Both villages were attacked by the white-coats and partially taken. Then Gudin took the enemy in flank and drove them back. Friant's division also counterattacked. The French hussars, chasseurs and dragoons advanced against the Austrian horse.

    The Austrians made several attempts to take the villages. Advancing with the same precision as before the whitecoats stopped only to fire then advanced with fixed bayonets to meet with the same fate as the previous assaults. Although the Austrian infantrymen fell back, their attack had disordered Davout's preparations for the important flank attack. His troops had fired a massive amount of ammunition.

    Davout reported to Napoleon that it would take 1-2 hours to replenish the ammunition and then deliver the planned flank attack. Davout kept the situation well under control and satisfied Napoleon returned to the center. The Emperor also recalled his reserves already marching to support Davout. Only Arrighi's cuirassier division was assigned to Davout's III Army Corps.

    Center: Bernadotte's Saxons vs Bellegarde.
    The Austrians took the village of Aderklaa.
    Bernadotte's Saxons failed to retake it,
    then they broke under artillery fire and fled.

    Bellegarde's I Army Corps advanced against the village of Aderklaa occupied by a detachment of Bernadotte's Saxon infantry. The Austrians marched with fixed bayonets. (Undertaking a task 'with fixed bayonets' has this connotation of no room for compromise.) The advance guard of Bellegarde's corps stormed the village and took prisoners. In this point the rest of Bellegarde's corps deployed on both sides of Aderklaa. Bernadotte deployed the Saxon batteries and prepared a counterattack. In the artillery duel the more numerous Austrian cannons dismounted 15 of 26 Bernadotte's guns. The French artillery support the Saxons. There is no faltering - the men stand nobly to their work. Men are dropping dead or wounded on all sides, by scores, some with an arm dangling, some with a leg broken, are limping and crawling towards the rear.

    Saxon infantry in 1810: - drummer of Prinz August Infantry - musketier of Low Infantry Picture by Alexander Sauerweid. At 7 AM Marshal Bernadotte counterattacked with infantry and cavalry. The fire all along the line was terrific. It is a wonder how anything human could have stood before it. The Saxons and French (Dupas' division) had enough, they failed to retake Aderklaa and withdrew. Two Austrian battaries deployed on their flank and poured in a destructive enfilade fire. Some of the Saxons and Frenchmen broke and fled.

    Napoleon stood on a rise east of Aderklaa and saw the rout and MdE Massena futilely trying to make them stop. They ran toward Raasdorf and by midafternoon there were "12,000 stragglers miling about the village. Riding Euphrates, his snow-white Persian horse, Napoleon coursed the field to rally the Saxons. ... The French soldiers facing the Russbach Stream needed encouragement as well because they were beginning to waver under the Austrian bombardement. ... To steady his men Napoleon rode 'from one extremity of the line to the other, and returned at a slow pace." (- James Arnold)

    Left flank: Massena's advance.
    "Go, my friend, into that village
    and slaughter those rogues !"
    (Marshal Massena to Gen. St.Cyr)

    Marshal Massena MdE Massena left Boudet's division in Aspern, by the river, and with the rest of his corps began moving in the direction of Wagram and Aderklaa. Massena rode in a coach. (Napoleon said of Masséna: he was "the greatest name of my military Empire.")

    GdD Carra St.Cyr took his division (24th Light, 4th and 46th Line, and Hessians) and marched against Bellegarde's advance guard. "From a drainage ditch 100 paces in front of the village, a battalion of Austrian jagers rose up to deliver a heavy fire. The French infantry closed ranks and pressed forward. Stutterheim's 2,700 men, sheltered behind the earthen dike surrounding the village, put up a stout defense. Fighting quickly degenerated into the type of bloody melee already seen at Ebelsberg and Aspern-Essling. Garden walls, farmyards, and individual buildings were captured and recaptured." (- James Arnold)

    Stutterheim's force (2,700 his own troops + 2 battalions) was numerically weaker than the French and after heavy fighting they fell back. The sight of fleeing comrades broke the morale of several battalions of Fresnel's division, and they joined the rout toward Wagram. However, the victorious French had lost all order during the action and pursuit. Archduke Charles rode to Fresnel's troops and rallied them. Then he continued on to his Corps, gave a speech and ordered three battalions to support GM Stutterheim and retake Aderklaa.

    The Austrians captured, lost and retook Aderklaa.
    The Austrians routed two French infantry regiments
    and captured their Eagles. The Hessians also suffered badly.

    Map: villages of Aderklaa, Wagram and Raasdord. Austrian offensive against the left flank interrupted Massena's march. Legrand's division halted and faced the advancing whitecoats. Massena's own nerves somewhat unsettled as he watched the approach of Austrian cavalry followed by long columns of infantry, he realized that he has to act fast as his troops were now surely outnumbered and outgunned.

    On came the gallant whitecoats in magnificent formation. In the front marched skirmisheers. Behind them, more ominously, long lines of Austrian infantry could be seen moving from march column into battle formation. Return fire crackled from the French skirmishers, and some of Austrians fell, blood streaming from open wounds. The numerous whitecoats then fixed bayonets and drove the French from their position. The fury of the attackers broke the enemy defenses as they threw down their weapons and ran. The shock action of a bayonet charge exhilarated the attackers and demoralized the defenders. The French 4th Line was hit in the flank and routed, with all battalion commanders dead or wounded. They also lost their Eagle.

    Austrian grenadiers in 1809. The noise was deafening, all encompassing, as if the world was indeed ending. The men could not help but be thrilled by the power and intensity of it.
    The 24th Light was in disorder after long pursuit when Austrian grenadiers (see picture) attacked them. The 24th was mauled and also lost its Eagle. The Hessians suffered very heavy losses, were thrown back and lost one of their flags.

    The 46th Line fought hard before yielding. The Austrians gave them a volley in their faces, and advanced upon them with the bayonet. The 46th fled in confusion. The Austrians captured Aderklaa. The Saxons counterattacked and got under artillery fire from front and flank. It was too much for them and they hastily withdrew. The Austrians retook Aderklaa. On the Austrian side many officers were killed and wounded, Archduke Charles received a painful shoulder wound, and the brave and talented GM Stutterheim was down.

    After Carra St.Cyr's failure in Aderklaa, MdE Massena sent forward Molitor. After some skirmishing the French attempted a charge, which was met in front by the Austrians. The whitecoats were driven back to the support of their artillery. While one part of Molitor's division and heavy artillery drove the Austrians from the village, other part formed squares and repulsed charging cuirassiers.
    For Napoleon it was very important to keep Aderklaa, it secured the flank Oudinot's corps along the Russbach Stream. By 11 AM Bellegarde's infantry again attacked and captured Aderklaa. The French had been roughly handled during the short engagement. The loss of this village uncovered the French line along Russbach.

    Austrian offensive.
    Thousands of Austrians advanced methodically
    against the French left flank defended by Massena.
    Boudet's division made few brief stands before
    falling back. The whitecoats moved along Danube.

    Austrian fusilier. Meanwhile Klenau's VI Army Corps and Kollowrath-Krakowski's III Army Corps advanced slowly against French left flank. Klenau and Kollowrath had approx. 30,000 men (One infantry brigade was detached from V Army Corps facing Vienna and attached to III Army Corps) and they moved toward Aspern.

    Three divisions, most of Massena's forces, faced west to meet the growing Austrian threat that heavily outnumbered them. The Austrians came on magnificently. The French guns opened upon them. Gaps were made in the ranks, but the white-clad soldiers closed up and the color-bearers leaped to the front, shaking and waving the flags. The Austrian infantry reserved their fire until the French were within easy range, when the musketry crashed out with a roar, and the guns began to fire canister.

    The village of Aspern was defended by one of Massena's divisions under GdD Boudet (3rd, 56th and 93rd Line). The 93rd Line defended cemetary and the 3rd Line occupied Aspern's northern edge. Approx. 500 paces north of the village the 56th Line awaited with fixed bayonets. Two batteries stood nearby.

    At 7 AM Klenau deployed his batteries and a brisk artillery fire was opened upon the French columns, and was continued until the enemy moved a force of infantry against the guns. The Austrian batteries also inflicted heavy damage on the few French batteries. Veczay's Grenzers advanced against Aspern from the south and chased the French voltigeurs from the Gemeinde Au. The Grenzers also made a false attack from the northeast.

    GM Walmoden's Liechtenstein Hussars captured two French batteries, the 56th Line formed squares against cavalry, counterattacked and retook them. The hussars however pressed hard and the 56th Line turned into a rabble of terrified men. Klenau's corps took Aspern and then moved against Essling and the earthwork called tête de pont. Boudet's division made few brief stands before falling back. The whitecoats moved along Danube.

    Marshal MacDonald writes: "Massena could not make a stand against troops much superior to his own. He was driven back with great loss on to the tete-de-pont, by which we had passed after crossing the Danube. The Austrians sent forward their right. ... The retreat of Massena, which I then learned for the first time, and the retrograde movement made by Bernadotte, had left the centre of the army exposed."

    Kollowrath-Krakowski's III Army Corps moved from Bisamberg against one of Massena's divisions under GdD Legrand. Legrand's veterans were on their way toward Wagram when the whitecoats hit them in the flank.
    It was a terrific assault. On came the Austrians, the men falling by tens, the colors fluttering in front like a little forest; for as fast as a color-bearer was shot some one else seized the flag from his hand before it fell. While one part of Legrand's division was sent flying toward Raasdorf, other part retired toward Aderklaa. Finally forming most of his men into battleline, Leghrand turned to wait for renewed hostilities, expecting to see hordes of Austrians massing on his new front.

    Though suffering great loss Kollowrath checked the enemy so as to enable two of his batteries to be placed in position. They opened fire against Massena's flank near Aderklaa.

    French Heavy Artillery on Lobau Island.
    The French artillery on Lobau Island
    became unmasked and opened fire.

    It is very certain that Klenau's movement on the flank greatly perplexed and bewildered the French generals. The Austrians pursued Boudet's men toward Essling. In the village GdD Boudet rallied his troops. The artillery fired on all cylinders. Out of the lifting smoke there appeared, beautiful and terrible, the picked thousands of the Austrian troops coming on to the assault. They advanced in columns and in perfect order. "By 10 AM the Austrians had captured Essling and established two large batteries to open fire against the French bridges south of Enzesdorf. Klenau's advance spread panic in the French rear." (- James Arnold)

    The French artillery on Lobau Island became unmasked and opened fire. Klenau's whitecoats suffered heavy casualties and fell back. The smoke clouds rise slowly, and the sunlight glinted again on the long line of cannons which had been hidden from view during the cannonade.

    Massena marched toward
    the Austrian breakthrough.
    "Massena fortyfied his men for the coming ordeal
    by a special reserve, a bracing gulp of gut-roaring
    army brandy ..." - James Arnold

    Map: Lobau Island (bottom), and villages of Breitenlee, Aspern and Essling. MdE Massena rallied his troops near Raasdorf and then began his march toward the Austrian breakthrough along the Danube River. Napoleon strengthened him with St.Sulpice's cuirassiers. Massena's corps completed the march in no longer than 2 hours. His troops suffered from artillery flank fire and were attacked by Hungarian hussars.

    By 12:30 PM Massena's troops reached Essling and saw Boudet's division being driven steadily back. The Austrian artillery fired on the Danube bridges. Massena sent his light cavalry (Marulaz's 3rd, 14th, 19th and 23rd Chasseurs) against the battery and the gunners fled. The Austrian cavalry, Liechtenstein Hussars and Kienmayer Hussars, counterattacked and sent the French chasseurs flying. The hussars also recaptured the abandoned battery. GdD Lasalle sent one of his brigades (Bruyere's 13th and 24th Chasseurs) to extricate Marulaz's chasseurs.

    Massena's infantry stormed Essling and the granary defended by 1,200 Austrians. The attackers send the Austrians running toward Aspern. By 2 PM the French took Aspern as well. Massena dispatched an officer on fast horse to the Emperor telling him that his order was executed.

    Klenau's infantrymen were slowly retiring and Massena sent Lasalle's light cavalry division in pursuit. Lasalle led from the front, saber in hand, against one of infantry squares. The square stood behind a moat and repulsed Lasalle's men with a musket volley. Lasalle was wounded in the chest and 2 hours later he was dead.

    French General Lasalle. General Antoine-Charles Lasalle was the most famous French light cavalryman. "The man for high adventure and reckless deeds. In 1806 after the Battle of Jena, with only 900 hussars at his back and no weapon heavier than their popgun carbines, he bluffed the great fortress of Stettin, with 200 guns and a garrison of 5,000 men, into surrender. ... Utterly brave, loving danger, laughing at his own hardships, frequently charging with a long pipe instead of a saber in his hand ...." (- Elting "Swords Around a Throne", p 163)

    Marulaz tried to avenge Lasalle and led a hussar regiment against the square. Colonel of the hussars was hit and Marulaz was wounded. The defiant square slowly retired.

    The movement of thousands of men and horses had raised a considerable amount of dust in the air, not to mention the powder smoke generated by the firing of hundreds of guns. The combined effects of dust, smoke and battle fatigue impaired the vision of the soldiers as the battle was renewed back and forth across the plain. Neither party seemed willing to give way.

    Charge of French cuirassiers.
    "... why in the world did you not charge the enemy
    at the decisive moment ?"
    - Gen. Nansouty to Gen. Walther,
    commander of the Guard Cavalry

    Marshal Bessieres. The Austrian offensive on the flank was over. It was one of the greatest assaults in any battle of modern times, and it had failed. In the center however, fighting was general along the line. The Fre